NETHERLANDS

NETHERLANDS / NEDERLAND.

350th Anniversary of Abel Tasman's Discovery of New Zealand.
Old map of Wainui Inlet coast, in South Island of New Zealand, and Tasman's Route.
Stamp issued on 12.03.1992.
Face value: 70 Dutch cents.
Design: Heng Glaesener.
Printed by Joh. Enschedé Stamps, Haarlem, Netherlands.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 12,432,050 copies.
Size: 37 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1437.
- Michel No. 1435.
- Scott No. 809.
- StampWorld No. 1435.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1636.
- Yvert et Tellier No.  1399.

Abel Tasman (1603-1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and merchant, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company. He was the first known European explorer to reach New Zealand and the islands of Fiji and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). On December 13, 1642 the members of his two-ship expedition sighted land on the north-west coast of the South Island, becoming the first Europeans to sight New Zealand. Tasman named it Staten Landt "in honor of the States General" (Dutch parliament). On December 18, the ships anchored near Wainui Bay, north of what is now Abel Tasman National Park. The expeditionaries had a violent encounter with the local indigenous Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri. Tasman named the place Moordenaers ('Assassins') Bay before sailing east to the Manawatu coast of the North Island.

SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE

SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE / SÃO TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE

Navigation history.
Map of São Tomé Island (1602).
Minisheet issued on 21.12.1979.
Face value: 25 São Tomé and Príncipe dobra.
Printed by Format International Security Printers Ltd.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 128 x 98 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. B38.
- StampWorld No. 630.

São Tomé and Príncipe (Potruguese: São Tomé e Príncipe), is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western coast of Gabon, in Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. A estimate population was 223,100 in 2021. The islands were uninhabited until their discovery by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century. Gradually colonized and settled throughout the 16th century, they collectively served as a vital commercial and trade center for slave trade. The country became independent from Portugal on July 12, 1975.

BARBADOS

BARBADOS.

350th Anniversary of the First Settlement.
John Ogilvy Map, 17th century.
Third stamp in a minisheet of 4. issued on 17.12.1975.
Face value: 25 Barbadian cents.
Design: PAD Studios.
Printed by John Waddington Security Print Ltd., Kirkstall, Leeds, UK.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 29 x 43 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 401.
- Scott No. 430.
- StampWorld No. 402.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 540.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 407.

In 1625, the first settlers arrived to Barbados from other Caribbean islands, and in 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and the island became an English and later British colony. During this period, the colony operated on a plantation economy, relying on the labor of enslaved Africans who worked on the plantations; Final emancipation of the enslaved population in Barbados occurring over a period of five years following the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. On November 30, 1966, Barbados became an independent state and real Commonwealth, and November 30, 2021, the island transitioned to a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. Barbados's population is predominantly of African descent.

John Ogilby (1600 –1676) was a Scottish translator, printer and cartographer. Best known for publishing the first British road atlas, he was also a successful translator, noted for publishing his work in handsome illustrated editions. In 1674 Ogilby had been appointed "His Majesty's Cosmographer and Geographic Printer" and in 1675 he issued his Britannia atlas which included such details as the configurations of hills and the relative size of towns. The map of Barbados represented on the stamp was made in 1670.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

SPAIN

SPAIN / ESPAÑA.

Missions of the Capuchin Fathers in the Orinoco.
Map of a part of the Orinoco River by Pablo Díaz Fajardo (1733).
First stamp in a set of 5, issued on 12.10.1968.
Face value: 40 cents of Spanish peseta.
Printed by F.N.M.T. (Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre), Madrid.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 8,000,000 copies.
Size: 26 x 41 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1888.
- Edifil No. 1889.
- Michel No. 1782.
- Scott No. 1547.
- StampWorld No. 1788.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1947.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1549.

In 1681 the Catalan Capuchin Fathers were authorized to cross the Atlantic to carry out evangelization in American lands. However, until 1722 they did not obtain the first fruitful results. In 1772 two of them, Benet de la Garriga and Marià de Mataró, went up the Orinoco River, crossed the Gran Sabana and entered lands still unknown to Europeans, on the banks of the Caroní River; they were later joined by other religious of the same order. 28 Capuchin missions were established, linked together by a network of roads. Although the task of these missionaries began to decline at the end of the 18th century, the Capuchins paved the way for other religious and lay expeditionaries. In the first decades of the 20th century some missions were still active.

The map reproduced on the stamp was made in 1733 by the Spanish soldier Pablo Díaz Fajardo, who gave his name to the island that can be seen in the upper part, at the confluence of the Caroní River with the Orinoco, where the current Ciudad Guayana is located.

CAPE VERDE

CAPE VERDE / CABO VERDE - KABU VERDI (Portuguese colony).

Portuguese sailors.
Portuguese nautical chart from around 1471.
First stamp in a set of 10, issued on 09.05.1952.
Face value: 5 Portuguese centavos.
Design: Rui Preto Pacheco (1922-1989).
Engraved and printed by Litografía Nacional, Porto.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 3,500,000 copies.
Size: 41 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- Afinsa-Mundifil No. 266.
- Michel No. 280.
- Scott No. 277.
- StampWorld No. 275.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 346.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 269.

The Cape Verde archipelago, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Senegal, is made up of ten volcanic islands and has a land area of 4,033 km² (1,557 sq mi). It was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized it: The first Portuguese settlers landed in 1462 on what is now Santiago Island, and founded the oldest European city in the tropics: Ribeira Grande (today Cidade Velha). The archipelago was a Portuguese colony until its independence, declared on January 20, 1973 (and recognized by Portugal on July 5, 1975). It was a major slave trading center until 1876, when slavery was abolished.

POLAND

POLAND / POLSKA.

Centenary of the Treaty of Riga.
Map of Poland after the Treaty of Riga.
Stamp issued on 18.03.2021.
Face value: 3.30 Polish złotych.
Design: Jan Konarzewski.
Printed by PWPW (Polska Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych), Warszawa.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 168,000 copies.
Size: 43 x 31.25 mm.

Catalogs
- Fischer No. 5131.
- Michel No. 5281.
- Scott No. 4534.
- StampWorld No. 5286.
- Unificato No. 5281.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 4839.

The Treaty of Riga (Polish: Traktat Ryski) or Peace of Riga, was signed in Riga on March 18, 1921, among Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War. The new borders established by the treaty remained in force until World War II. They were later redrawn during the Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference. Peace talks began in Minsk on August 17, 1920, but as the Polish counter-offensive drew near, the talks were moved to Riga, and resumed on September 21. The Soviets proposed two solutions, the first on September 21 and the second on September 28. The Polish delegation made a counter-offer on October 2. Three days later the Soviets offered amendments to the Polish offer, which Poland accepted. An armistice was signed on October 12 and went into effect on October 18, 1920. The Treaty consisted of 26 articles. Poland was to receive monetary compensation (30 million rubles in gold) for its economic input into the Russian Empire during the Partitions of Poland. Under Article 14 Poland was also to receive railway materials (locomotives, rolling stock, etc.) with a value of 29 million gold roubles. Russia was to surrender works of art and other Polish national treasures acquired from Polish territories after 1772.

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Thanks to Krystyna Betiuk for his contribution (https://pocztowkowezbiory.blogspot.com/)

JERSEY

JERSEY.

Jersey Forteresses.
Plan of Elizabeth Castle by Thomas Phillips.
Third stamp in a set of 4, issued on 05.02.1980.
Face value: 13 Jersey pence.
Design: T.H.O.S. Phillips
Printed by Joh. Enschedé Stamps, Haarlem, Netherlands.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 415,790 copies.
Size: 35.2 x 27.3 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 208.
- Michel No. 214.
- Scott No. 224.
- StampWorld No. 208. 
- Stanley Gibbons No. 224.
- Unificato No. 208.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 208.

Elizabeth Castle (Norman language: Lé Châté Lîzabé) is located on a tidal island called L’Islet within the parish of Saint Helier. It was constructed, between 1626 and 1636 when the power of cannon meant that the existing stronghold at Mont Orgueil was insufficient to defend the Island and the port of St. Helier was vulnerable to attack by ships armed with cannon. It is named after Elizabeth I who was queen of England around the time the castle was built. Today, Jersey Heritage administers the site as a museum. Among the historical displays is the regimental museum of the Royal Jersey Militia that holds several centuries of military memorabilia.

Thomas Phillips (1635-1693) was an military engineer and topographical watercolourist, came to Ireland from England in the winter of 1685 during the reign of James II to survey and report on the principal fortified places, castles, forts, and garrisons and to draw exact designs of their present condition and estimate the cost of any necessary repairs. He had worked in the Channel Islands (1679), making maps and plans of probable landing places and of defences needed.

TRISTAN DA CUNHA

TRISTAN DA CUNHA.

Plan of Capt. Demhan's detail (1853).
Last stamp in a set of 3, issued on 22.05.1981.
Face value: 21 British pence.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 302.
- Scott No. 292.
- StampWorld No. 301.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 306.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 290.

Vice Admiral Henry Mangles Denham (August 28, 1800 - July 3, 1887) was a Royal Navy officer. On July 30, 1845, he was made commander of HMS Avon, surveying the west coast of Africa. Between 1864 and 1866, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station. Specialized in hydrographic work, he drew several maps, including that of the island of Tristan da Cunha: the stamp shows a fragment corresponding to the Settlement, founded in 1816 in the northwest of the island and called, in 1867, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (regarded as the most remote permanent settlement on Earth).

JERSEY

JERSEY.

Jersey Forteresses.
Plan of Mont Orgueil by Thomas Phillips (1680).
First stamp in a set of 4, issued on 05.02.1980.
Face value: 8 Jersey pence.
Design: T.H.O.S. Phillips.
Printed by Joh. Enschedé Stamps, Haarlem, Netherlands.
Printed: Offset lithography.
Print: 665,647 copies.
Size: 35.2 x 27.3 mm.

Catalogues
- AFA No. 206.
- Michel No. 212.
- Scott No. 222.
- StampWorld No. 206.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 222.
- Unificato No. 206.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 206.

Mont Orgueil (Jèrriais: Mount Pride or Haughty Mount) is a castle in Jersey that overlooks the harbor of Gorey, in the east of the island. The construction of the castle was undertaken following the division of the Duchy of Normandy in 1204. It was first mentioned in 1212. The castle is first called ‘Mont Orgeuil’ in an ordinance issued by Pierre de Brézé, Lord of the Isles during the occupation by the French during the War of the Roses, in 1462. Mont Orgueil has been managed as a museum site since 1929, although during the Second World War German occupation (1940-1945), the occupying forces garrisoned the castle and added modern fortifications camouflaged to blend in with existing structures.

Thomas Phillips (1635-1693) was an military engineer and topographical watercolourist, came to Ireland from England in the winter of 1685 during the reign of James II to survey and report on the principal fortified places, castles, forts, and garrisons and to draw exact designs of their present condition and estimate the cost of any necessary repairs. He had worked in the Channel Islands (1679), making maps and plans of probable landing places and of defences needed.

HUNGARY

HUNGARY / MAGYARORSZÁG.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Antique map of the East Aegean Sea and statue of the Colossus of Rhodes.
Fifth stamp in a set of 7, issued on 29.02.1980.
Face value: 3 Hungarian forint.
Design: László Dudás (1935-2015).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 387,919 copies.
Size: 44 x 34 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 3314.
- Michel No. 3415A.
- Philatelia Hungarica No. 3387.
- Scott No. 2635.
- StampWorld No. 3438.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 3305.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2713.

The Colossus of Rhodes (Ancient Greek: ὁ Κολοσσὸς Ῥόδιος) was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name in Aegean Sea, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it was constructed to celebrate the successful defence of Rhodes city against an attack by Demetrius Poliorcetes, who had besieged it for a year with a large army and navy. According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 m (108 ft) high making it the tallest statue in the ancient world. It collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC.

ALDERNEY

ALDERNEY.

Historical maps.
Herman Moll's Map (1724).
First stamp in a set of 5, issued on 07.07.1989.
Face value: 12 Guernsey penny.
Design: John E. Cooter.
Printed by Joh. Enschedé Stamps, Haarlem, Netherlands.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 48.3 x 32.3 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 37.
- Michel No. 37.
- Scott No. 37.
- StampWorld No. 37.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 37.
- Unificato No. 37.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 37.

Herman Moll (1654? -1732) was a cartographer, engraver, and publisher, probably originally from the Netherlands. In 1678 he opened a book and map store in London. He produced maps from his studies of the work of other cartographers. In the 1690s he published his first major independent work, the successful Thesaurus Geographicus, a comprehensive description of the Earth from compilations by the leading geographers and travelers of his day. He later published a book with 56 new and accurate maps of the British Isles, and between 1711 and 1717 he published, in monthly deliveries, his Atlas Geographus, which was followed by other outstanding works.

EGYPT

EGYPT / مِصر

Entry of Egyptian troops into Gaza, May 15, 1948.
Map of the Gaza Strip, soldiers and effigy of King Farouk I.
Stamp issued on 15.06.1948.
Face value: 10 Egyptian millieme.
Printing: Photogravure.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 325.
- Scott No. 271.
- StampWorld No. 332.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 348.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 262.

The First Arab-Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1947-1949 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had been issued earlier that day. On 15 May 1948, the civil war transformed into a conflict between Israel and the Arab states. Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, and expeditionary forces from Iraq entered Palestine: Egyptian military took control of the Gaza Strip.

ALDERNEY

ALDERNEY.

Historical maps.
Wartime Occupation Map, 1943.
Fourth stamp in a set of 5, issued on 07.07.1989.
Face value: 32 Guernsey penny.
Design: John E. Cooter.
Engraving by Joh. Enschedé.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 48.3 x 32.3 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 40.
- Michel No. 40.
- Scott No. 40.
- StampWorld No. 40.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 40.
- Unificato No. 40.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 40.

The German occupation of the Channel Islands lasted for most of World War II, from 30 June 1940 until liberation on 9 May 1945. Alderney was the only Channel Island to be evacuated during as the island became part of Hitler's Atlantic Wall. The Nazis built four labour camps on Alderney. The Nazi Organisation Todt operated each subcamp and used forced labour to build fortifications in the island including bunkers, gun emplacements, air raid shelters, tunnels and concrete fortifications. The camps commenced operating in January 1942. The five-year German occupation came to an end on 16 May 1945 and the first day the islanders were able to return to their island on December 15 is known as Homecoming Day, an event still celebrated in Alderney with an annual Bank Holiday.

SRI LANKA

SRI LANKA / ශ්‍රී ලංකා - இலங்கை.

Ancient maps of Sri Lanka.
Map of Ceylon Island published by Robert Knox in 1681.
Last stamp in a set of 3, issued on 22.09.2020.
Face value: 15 Sri Lankan rupee.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 300,000 copies.
Size: 41 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 2323A.
- StampWorld No. 1914.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2263.

Robert Knox (1641-1720) was an English sea captain in the service of the British East India Company. In January 1658, together with his father, he began a voyage by sea from Persia, and in November of the following year, a storm threw his ship to the shores of present-day Sri Lanka, where the entire crew was captured by the soldiers of the Kandy's king Rajasinghe II, who treated them rather leniently: young Knox managed to settle down and work as a farmer and peddler, and after nineteen years of captivity he was able to escape and take refuge in Arippu, a Dutch fort on the island's northwest coast, from where he was able to return to London. During the trip he wrote his An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon, an account of his experiences, which was published in 1681, accompanied by engravings, among which is the map reproduced on the stamp.

BERMUDA

BERMUDA.

Historical maps.
Antique map by John Speed (1626).
Last stamp in a set of 5, issued on 14.05.1979.
Face value: 50 cents of Bermudian dollar.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 373.
- Scott No. 384.
- StampWorld No. 376.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 408.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 374.

John Speed (1551 or 1552 -1629) was an English cartographer and historian. He drew historical maps in 1601 and 1627 depicting the invasion of England and Ireland in the Middle Ages. It was with the encouragement of William Camden that Speed began his Historie of Great Britaine, which was published in 1611. Speed's atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine was published in 1611- 1612, and contained the first set of individual county maps of England and Wales besides maps of Ireland and a general map of Scotland. In 1627, two years before his death, published Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World which was the first world atlas produced by an Englishman.

COSTA RICA

COSTA RICA.

Columbus Day.
16th century map of Costa Rica.
Stamp issued in 26.10.1987.
Face value: 30 Costa Rican colones.
Printed by Casa Gráfica Ltd, San José.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1338.
- Scott No. 392.
- StampWorld No. 1338.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1463.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 491.

Christopher Columbus reached the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica on September 25, 1502, on his fourth voyage. According to his diaries, there was a lot of gold in the territory, which prompted the adventurers to undertake other explorations and served as a pole of attraction for the colonizers. The initial expeditions of Diego de Nicuesa and Alonso de Ojeda on the Atlantic coast were followed by that of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the Isthmus of Panama. Other conquerors followed. In 1562, Juan Vázquez de Coronado toured the entire Costa Rican territory and was appointed mayor of Costa Rica and Nueva Cartago. Vázquez de Coronado is known as the true conqueror of Costa Rica for the pacifying role that he played alongside the indigenous people, gaining their trust and support. Costa Rica was since 1574 the southernmost dependency of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, a situation in which it remained until its Independence from the Spanish Empire (September 15, 1821).

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

NETHERLANDS

NETHERLANDS / NEDERLAND.

500th Anniversary of the Central Administration of Friesland.
Map of Friesland Province in 1498.
Stamp issued on 09.06.1998.
Face value: 80 cents of Dutch guilder.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 37 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1662.
- Michel No. 1660.
- NVPH No. 1767.
- Scott No. 998.
- StampWorld No. 1660.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1885.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1633.

Friesland (Friesian: Fryslân) is one of the twelve provinces that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It occupies the western part of the historical region of Friesland. The capital is Leeuwarden (Friesian: Ljouwert). After centuries of wars and internal conflicts, during the Middle Ages Friesland achieved what is historically called “Friese Freedom”. In 1498 the region was submitted to Albert III, Duke of Saxony, governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, who established a central administration. Only in 1648, by the Peace of Münster, Friesland became a full member of the independent Dutch Republic, a federation of provinces.

SRI LANKA

SRI LANKA / ශ්‍රී ලංකා - இலங்கை.

Ancient Maps of Sri Lanka.
Map of Taprobana (Sri Lanka) by Tommaso Porcacchi (1572).
Second stamp in a set of 3, issued on 22.09.2020.
Face value: 15 Sri Lankan Rupee.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 41 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 2322A.
- StampWorld No. 1913.

Taprobana (Ancient Greek: Ταπροβανᾶ) was the name by which the island of Sri Lanka was known to the ancient Greeks.

Tommaso Porcacchi (Castiglion Fiorentino, 1530 - Udine, 1576) was an Italian humanist, geographer, bibliophile, polygraph, and scholar. Among his most outstanding works is L'isole più famose del mondo descritte da Thomaso Porcacchi da Castiglione arretino and intagliate da Girolamo Porro padovano con l'aggiunta di molte isole ('The most famous islands in the world described by Thomaso Porcacchi da Castiglione from Arezzo and carved by Girolamo Porro from Padua with the addition of many islands'). It was published in Venice by Simon Galignani and Girolamo Porro in 1576. The map reproduced in the stamp was drawn in 1572.

SPAIN

SPAIN / ESPAÑA.

Balearic Islands on a map by Diogo Homem (1563).
Stamp issued on 08.07.1981.
Face value: 7 Spanish pesetas.
Printed by F.N.M.T. (Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre), Madrid.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 12,000,000 copies.
Size: 50 x 34 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 2596.
- Edifil No. 2622.
- Michel No. 2505.
- Scott No. 2243.
- StampWorld No. 2511.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 2649.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2250.

The Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are a Spanish archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, formed by four largest islands: Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera, and many minor islands and islets. Its total area is 4,992 km² (1,927 sq mi) and its population, in 2020, was 1,215,174 inhabitants.

Diogo Homem (1521-1576) was a Portuguese cartographer, member of a family of cartographers. Due to a crime of murder, in which he was connivent, he was forced to exile from Portugal, first in England, and then in Venice. It was there that he produced numerous manuscript atlases and charts, many of them of the Mediterranean. His work is of an exceptional graphical quality and beauty.

SINGAPORE

SINGAPORE / SINGAPURA - 新加坡共和国

Old maps.
Map of Singapore island as part of the Malay Peninsula.
Third stamp in a set of 4, issued on 13.03.1996.
Face value: 1 Singapore dollar.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 793.
- Scott No. 749.
- StampWorld No. 811.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 830.

Map of undetermined date.