AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIA.

Australia Day 1981.
Flag in the form of a map.
Stamp issued on 21.01.1981.
Face value: 22 cents of Australian dollar.
Design: Bruce Weatherhead (1939-2011).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 49,196,000 copies.
Size: 37.5 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- Brusden-White No. 887. 
- Michel No. 740.
- Scott No. 771.
- Seven Seas Stamps No. 789.
- StampWorld No. 739.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 765.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 726.

Australia Day is the official national day of Australia. Observed annually on 26 January, it marks the 1788 landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove and raising of the Union Flag by Arthur Phillip following days of exploration of Port Jackson in New South Wales.

IRELAND

IRELAND / ÉIRE.

50th Anniversary of Killarney National Park / Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne.
Eagle's Nest Mountain.
Second stamp in a set of 2, issued on 26.02.1982.
Face value: 36 Irish penny.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 1,000,000 copies.
Size: 40 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 468.
- Michel No. 461.
- Scott No. 516.
- StampWorld No. 470.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 511.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 464.

Killarney National Park (Irish: Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne), near the town of Killarney (Cill Airne), County Kerry, was the first national park in Ireland, created in 1932; its area is 102.89 km2 (39.73 sq mi). It is one of the few places in Ireland that has been continuously covered by forest since the end of the most recent ice age, about 10,000 years ago. Eagles Nest (Irish: Nead an Iolair) is a 334 m (1,096 ft) high mountain located between Muckross Lake and Killarney's Upper Lake. The park was designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1981 and is part of a Special Area of Conservation.

LUXEMBOURG

LUXEMBOURG / LËTZEBUERG.

Vianden Pumped Storage Plant.
Upper reservoirs.
Second stamp in a set of 3, issued on 17.04.1964.
Face value: 3 Luxembourgish francs.
Printing: Recess.
Print: 1,000,000 copies.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 690.
- Michel No. 694.
- Scott No. 408.
- StampWorld No. 695.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 741.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 645.

The Lohmühle or Vianden dam is located in Our, near the town of Vianden, in north-eastern Luxembourg. The reservoirs represented in the stamp containins 10 million m³ of water (of which 6.9 million m³ are usable). Construction of the dam began in August 1959, the first nine generator sets were installed between 1962 and 1964; in 1976 the plant was expanded with a tenth unit, and with another in 2014.

SLOVENIA

SLOVENIA / SLOVENIJA.

Snežnik Plateau.
Stamp issued on 21.01.1997.
Face value: 20 Slovenian tolar.
Design: Boštjan Botas Kenda (b. 1963).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 500,000 copies.
Size: 40.32 x 28.8 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 187.
- Michel No. 175.
- Scott No. 284.
- Slovenica No. 175,
- StampWorld No. 175.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 340.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 166.

Snežnik is a wide karst limestone plateau with an area of approximately 85 km² (33 sq mi) in the Dinaric Alps, at its confluence with the Julian Alps. Most of the plateau is in Slovenia, while the southern part extends to Croatia and connects with the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar. Its extension is mostly flat, but it has numerous dry valleys, sinkholes and around 300 caves and wells; the surface is mainly stony, covered with uneven and shallow soil, except for the largest depressions. Its two highest peaks are the Great Mount Snežnik (Veliki Snežnik), at 1,796 m (5,892 ft), and the Little Mount Snežnik (Mali Snežnik), at 1,688 m (5,538 ft), both in Slovenian territory.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

SRI LANKA

SRI LANKA / ශ්‍රී ලංකා - இலங்கை.

Ancient maps of Sri Lanka.
Map of Ceylon Island published by Robert Knox in 1681.
Last stamp in a set of 3, issued on 22.09.2020.
Face value: 15 Sri Lankan rupee.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 300,000 copies.
Size: 41 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 2323A.
- StampWorld No. 1914.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2263.

Robert Knox (1641-1720) was an English sea captain in the service of the British East India Company. In January 1658, together with his father, he began a voyage by sea from Persia, and in November of the following year, a storm threw his ship to the shores of present-day Sri Lanka, where the entire crew was captured by the soldiers of the Kandy's king Rajasinghe II, who treated them rather leniently: young Knox managed to settle down and work as a farmer and peddler, and after nineteen years of captivity he was able to escape and take refuge in Arippu, a Dutch fort on the island's northwest coast, from where he was able to return to London. During the trip he wrote his An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon, an account of his experiences, which was published in 1681, accompanied by engravings, among which is the map reproduced on the stamp.

PITCAIRN ISLANDS

PITCAIRN ISLANDS / PITKERN AILEN.

Landscapes: Big George.
Second stamp in a set of 5, issued on 22.01.1981.
Face value: 9 cents of New Zealand dollar.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 49 x 32 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 202.
- Scott No. 199.
- Seven Seas Stamps No. 198.
- StampWorld No. 202.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 212.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 195.

Big George is the westernmost point on the coast of Pitcairn Island, at the tip of the volcanic peninsula of Pulawana. The coastal stretch is characterized by a series of small reefs, visible on the stamp.

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC / DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK.

Protected landscapes.
Teufelsmauer.
Fifth stamp in a set of 6, issued on 17.05.1966.
Face value: 30 East German pfennig.
Design: Gerhard Wilhelm August Stauf (1924-1996).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 1,400,000 copies.
Size: 43 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1183.
- Scott No. 835.
- StampWorld No. 925.
- Stanley Gibbons No. E901.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 884.

The Teufelsmauer (‘Devil's Wall’) is a rock formation made of hard sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous in the northern part of the Harz Foreland in central Germany. This wall of rock runs from Blankenburg (Harz) via Weddersleben and Rieder to Ballenstedt. It was placed under protection as early as 1833 and, in 1852, by the head of the district authority in order to prevent quarrying of the much sought-after sandstone. Many legends and myths have been woven in order to try to explain the unusual rock formation.

NORWAY

NORWAY / NORGE - NOREG.

EUROPA C.E.P.T. issue.
Hamnøy fishing village, Nordland county.
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 02.05.1977.
Face value: 1.25 Norwegian krone.
Design: Leif Frimann Anisdahl (b. 1937).
Printed by Emil Maestue A/S, Oslo.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 12,117,800 copies.
Size: 30 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 756co.
- Michel No. 742Do.
- Norgeskatalogen No. 790Bo.
- Scott No. 693.
- StampWorld No. 758.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 795.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 698.

Hamnøy or Hamnøya is a small fishing village in Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county (Lofoten Islands). It is located on the eastern side of the island of Moskenesøya, about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) northeast of the village of Reine, along the Vestfjorden. Hamnøy was previously connected to Reine by ferry, but this was replaced by bridges on the European route E10 highway as part of the Lofoten Mainland Connection.

ICELAND

ICELAND / ÍSLAND

Landscapes.
Snæfellsjökull Glacier and Volcano.
First stamp in a set of 4, issued on 06.01.1970.
Face value: 1 Icelandic króna.
Printing: photogravure.
Print: 3,000,000 copies.
Size: 36 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 435.
- Michel No. 434.
- Scott No. 412.
- StampWorld No. 435.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 465.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 387.

Snæfellsjökull is a 700,000-year-old glacier-capped stratovolcano in western Iceland. It is situated on the most western part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula. Its elevation is 1,446 m (4,744 ft). The stratovolcano, which is the only large central volcano in its part of Iceland, has many pyroclastic cones on its flanks. Upper-flank craters produced intermediate to felsic materials, while lower-flank craters produced basaltic lava flows. Several holocene eruptions have originated from the summit crater and have produced felsic material. Snæfellsjökull serves as the entrance to the subterranean journey in Jules Verne's classic science fiction novel, Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864).

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Thanks to Giovanna Goric for his contribution.

SAINT VINCENT

SAINT VINCENT.

St. Vincent Post Offices.
Small map of Saint Vincent with the location of Layou's Post Office.
Fifth stamp in a set of 19, issued on 31.05.1979.
Face value: 5 East Caribbean cents.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Realization and printing: Waddingtons.
Size: 42 x 28 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 524I.
- Scott No. 552.
- StampWorld No. 535.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 586.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 542.

Saint Vincent is a volcanic island in the Caribbean. It is the largest island of the country Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is composed of partially submerged volcanic mountains. Its largest volcano and the country's highest peak, La Soufrière, 1,234 m (4,048 ft), is active. The area of the island is 345 km² (133 sq mi) and the population, in 2012, was about 100,000. The capital is Kingston. Before 1498, the island was called Hairouna by its indigenous inhabitants. Columbus named the island Saint Vincent, since it is said to have been discovered on 22 January, the feast day of the patron saint of Lisbon and Valencia, Vincent of Saragossa.

BERMUDA

BERMUDA.

Historical maps.
Antique map by John Speed (1626).
Last stamp in a set of 5, issued on 14.05.1979.
Face value: 50 cents of Bermudian dollar.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 373.
- Scott No. 384.
- StampWorld No. 376.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 408.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 374.

John Speed (1551 or 1552 -1629) was an English cartographer and historian. He drew historical maps in 1601 and 1627 depicting the invasion of England and Ireland in the Middle Ages. It was with the encouragement of William Camden that Speed began his Historie of Great Britaine, which was published in 1611. Speed's atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine was published in 1611- 1612, and contained the first set of individual county maps of England and Wales besides maps of Ireland and a general map of Scotland. In 1627, two years before his death, published Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World which was the first world atlas produced by an Englishman.

NEW ZEALAND

NEW ZEALAND / AOTEAROA.

Fox Glacier, Westland Tai Poutini National Park.
Stamp issued on 30.07.1968.
Face value: 28 cents of New Zealand dollar.
Printing: Photogravure.
Size: 24.3 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 486.
- Scott No. 398.
- StampWorld No. 502.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 878.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 457A.

Fox Glacier (Māori: Te Moeka o Tuawe) is a 13-kilometre-long (8.1 mi) temperate maritime glacier located in Westland Tai Poutini National Park on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Fox Glacier descends 2,600 m (8,500 ft) from the Southern Alps towards the coast: Like nearby Franz Josef Glacier, it is one of the most accessible glaciers in the world, with a terminal face as low as 300 m above sea level. In 1857 local Māori led Leonard Harper and Edwin Fox to both glaciers, the first Europeans to see them. In 1865, German geologist Julius von Haast was the first to explore and survey the glaciers at the head of this valley, and named them Victoria and Albert, after the queen and her consort. The Victoria Glacier kept its name, but the lower part of the Albert Glacier was renamed in 1872 after a visit by then Premier of New Zealand William Fox.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

MOROCCO

MOROCCO / المغرب - ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

Unity Railroad.
With a small simplied map.
Stamp issued on 06.11.1982.
Face value: 1.40 Moroccan dirham.
Design: A. El Haimeur.
Printing: Photogravure.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1007.
- Scott No. 540.
- StampWorld No. 1018.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 620.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 932.

Rail transport in Morocco was initially developed during the protectorate. Currently, the Moroccan railway network is about 2,200 km (1,400 mi) long and carries about 40 million passengers each year.

SLOVAKIA

SLOVAKIA / SLOVENSKO.

EUROPA (C.E.P.T.).
Studenovodské Waterfall.
Stamp issued on 05.05.2001.
Face value: 18 Slovak koruna.
Design: Martin Činovský (b. 1953).
Printing: Recess.
Print: 360,000 copies.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 375.
- Michel No. 394.
- Scott No. 379.
- StampWorld No. 403.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 363.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 346.

The Studenovodské Waterfalls (Slovak: Studenovodsky vodopád or Vodopády Studeného), formerly known as Kolbach Falls, are a complex of waterfalls in the High Tatras, located at an altitude between 1,153 and 1,276 m (3,783 and 4,186 ft). The highest of the waterfalls is just 13 m (42.6 ft), but the complex, formed on the threshold of a triple glacial valley, is wide: it is approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi) in length. It was one of the oldest tourist destinations in the Tatra Mountains.

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC / DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK.

International Meteorological Assembly, Leipzig.
Map of Northern Europe and anemometer.
Minisheet issued on 23.03.1972.
Face value: 20 East Germany pfennig.
Design: Manfred Gottschall (b. 1937).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 2,500,000 copies.
Size: 85 x 57 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. A1495.
- Michel No. BL34.
- Scott No. 1382.
- StampWorld No. 1487.
- Stanley Gibbons No. MSE1465a.
- Yvert et Tellier No. BF29.

The First International Meteorological Congress held in Vienna in September 1873. it met four times: in 1873 in Vienna, in 1874 in Utrecht, in 1876 in London and in 1878 again in Utrecht. In Utrecht, in 1878, the charter of the organization was finalized and the International Meteorological Organization (IMO) founded. The World Meteorological Convention came into force on March 23, 1950. The last congress was held in Paris in 1951, just before the First World Meteorological Organization WMO Congress, in order to dissolve IMO and to transfer its responsibilities to the new organization.

LEBANON

LEBANON / لُبْنَان

Arab bridge above the Nahr al-Kalb river.
Third stamp in a set of 5, issued in 1950.
Face value: 12.50 Lebanese piastre.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 41 x 25 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 432.
- Scott No. 240.
- StampWorld No. 433.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 413.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 62.

The Nahr al-Kalb (Arabic: نهر الكلب), known as Lycus in ancient times, is a river in Lebanon. It runs for 31 km (19 mi) from a spring in Jeita near the Jeita Grotto to the Mediterranean Sea northeast of Beirut. It receives the seasonal contribution of torrents from Mount Lebanon, and is almost dry in summer. The entire site of the Nahr el-Kelb valley with the archaeological sites it conceals is classified on the list of UNESCO world heritage.

BARBUDA

BARBUDA.

Map of the Barbuda Island and Queen Elisabeth II.
Third stamp in a set of 9, issued on 19.11.1968.
Face value: 2 East Caribbean cents.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 14.
- Scott No. 14.
- StampWorld No. 14.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 14.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 14.

Barbuda is a small island located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the sovereign Commonwealth nation of Antigua and Barbuda from November 1, 1981. It is located north of the island of Antigua and is part of the Leeward Islands of the West Indies. His capital is Codrington. The island was a British colony from 1666 to the Independence of Antigua and Barbuda. Total area of the island is 160.56 km² (61.99 sq mi), and according to the 2011 census its population was 1,325 inhabitantes. From September 2017 to February 2019 the inhabitants of the island were evacuated to Antigua beacuse Hurricane Irma damaged or destroyed 95% of the island's buildings and infrastructure. The Codrington family, owning the island since 1685, produced food and transported slaves as labour for their sugarcane plantations on Antigua. During the 1740s, there were multiple slave rebellions at Codrington and all slaves were freed in 1834.

JORDAN

JORDAN / الأردنّ.

Arab Summit Conference.
Stylized map of Jordan and Israel (Palestine) territories, and King Hussein's portrait.
Last stamp in a set of 5, issued on 05.09.1964.
Face value: 80 Jordanian fils.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Size: 30 x 40 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 467A.
- Scott No. 470.
- StampWorld No. 475.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 602.

This summit was the first of the Arab League, held in Cairo, Egypt, on 13-16 January 1964 and attended by all thirteen of the then member states: United Arab Republic (Egypt), Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Yemen Arab Republic, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Kuwait and Algeria. At the summit, held on the initiative of the United Arab Republic, it was decided to carry out planning to resolve inter-Arab conflicts and to adopt common principles regarding the struggle against imperialism and the "aggressive policies" of Israel.

YUGOSLAVIA (Slovenia)

YUGOSLAVIA (Slovenia) / JUGOSLAVIJA (Slovenija).

Logar Valley.
Third stamp in a set of 5, issued on 18.10.1972.
Face value: 0.60 Yugoslav dinar.
Design: A. Milenkovi Fec.
Printed by Zavod za izradu novčanica, Beograd.
Printing: Recess.
Size: 23 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1470.
- Michel No. 1482. 
- Scott No. 1071.
- StampWorld No. 1516.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1475.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1356.

The Logar Valley (Slovene: Logarska dolina) is a valley in the Kamnik Alps, in the Municipality of Solčava, north of Slovenia, near Austrian border. In 1987, the valley received protected status as a landscape park encompassing 24.75 km² (9.56 sq mi). The Logar Valley is a typical U-shaped glacial valley. It is divided into three parts: the lower part is named Log, the middle part Plest (it is a mostly wooded area), and the upper part Kot (it is a wooded area with scree slopes). Altogether some 35 people live on the isolated farmsteads in the valley. The Logar Valley is ringed by some peaks, among which are the Planjava (2,394 m or 7,854 ft), the Ojstrica (2,350 m or 7,710 ft) and the Krofička (2,083 m or 6,834 ft), and it terminates in a head wall beneath the Okrešelj Cirque, where the Savinja River starts at an ice-cold spring at an elevation of 1,280 meters and flows to Rinka Falls.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

PAKISTAN

PAKISTAN / پاكِستان.

Warsak Dam and Power Station.
Stamp issued on 01.07.1961.
Face value: 40 Pakistani paisa.
Printing: Recess.
Size: 41 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 153.
- Scott No. 150.
- Siddiqui No. 150.
- StampWorld No. 154.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 146.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 142.

Warsak Dam (Urdu: ورسک ڈیم) is located on the Kabul River, in the Valley of Peshawar, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Its construction began in 1949 and was completed in 1960. Its length is 140.2 m (460 ft), and its height is 76.2 m (250 ft). The surface area of its reservoir is 10.3 km² (4 sq mi). Its construction was financed by the government of Canada.

HUNGARY

HUNGARY / MAGYARORSZÁG.

25th Anniversary of the Council System in Hungary.
Map showing electoral districts, and coat of arms.
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 01.10.1975.
Face value: 1 Hungarian forint.
Design: Éva Zombory (1927-1998).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 3,283,000 copies.
Size: 34 x 41 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 2990.
- Michel No. 3068A.
- Philatelia Hungarica No. 3063.
- Scott No. 2374.
- StampWorld No. 3091.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 2984.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2451.

Hungary is a unitary State organised on a decentralised basis; the Fundamental Law recognises local governmental system. Hungary comprises 19 Counties (megye) and 3,154 Municipalities (település). In 1950 2,978 village councils were formed, amond which 2,808 were independent village councils and from 371 villages were formed 170 cornmon village ones. The network of village councils, developed nearly all over the country, furthered the direct realization of the aims and activity ofthe central power in transforming the society, as local organs ofthe governamental power.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC / REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA.

Tavera-Bao-López Hydroelectric Complex.
Dams.
Third stamp in a set of 3, issued on 23.08.1985.
Face value: 1 Dominican peso.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1481.
- Scott No. 947.
- StampWorld No. 1486.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1628.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 971.

The construction of the Tavera dam, started in 1969 by the American company Emkai, was inaugurated on February 27, 1973, and became the first large reservoir built in the Dominican Republic. It is located in the municipality of Jánico. The waters of the Yaque del Norte River have been dammed in the town of Tavera and in El Bao, in Sabana Iglesia, whose dam was inaugurated in 1983. This large infrastructure is used for irrigation, electricity generation and the supply of water for the aqueducts of Santiago and Moca. It is the main source of water supply for agricultural production in the municipalities of Navarrete, Villa González and the towns of the Northwest line, through the two main irrigation channels.

ZIMBABWE

ZIMBABWE.

Goba Falls.
Second stamp in a set of 5, issued on 18.04.1980.
Face value: 25 cents of Zimbabwean dollar.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 6,290,000 copies.
Size: 35 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 238.
- Scott No. 425.
- StampWorld No. 12.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 587.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 12.

Goba (know also as Bopoma) Falls are located in Wedza (or Hwezda) district, in the province of Mashonaland East, in the center of the country, 1,300 m (4,265 ft) above sea level.

NORWAY

NORWAY / NORGE - NOREG.

2nd centenary of the Norwegian Geographical Service.
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 14.12.1973.
Face value: 1 Norwegian krone.
Design and engraving: Sverre Morken (b. 1945).
Printed by Norges Bank's Printing Works.
Printing: Recess.
Print: 10,000,000 copies.
Size: 36 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 688.
- Michel No. 674.
- Norgeskatalogen No. 722.
- Scott No. 629.
- StampWorld No. 690.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 712.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 630.

The Norwegian Geographical Service (Norges geografiske oppmåling, NGO) was founded by Heinrich Wilhelm von Huth on December 14, 1773. Norwegian prospecting began with scientifically based triangulation in 1779, maritime and coastal prospecting, in 1785, and his own map printing and reproduction facility, in 1854: the first published map was a marine map of the Trøndelag coast, from Halten to Leka, in 1835.

BRAZIL

BRAZIL / BRASIL.

Jump of the 7 Falls of Guaíra (7ª queda de Guaira).
Second stamp in a set of 2, issued on 29.04.1982.
Face value: 21 cruzeiros.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1896.
- Scott No. 1796.
- StampWorld No. 1913.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1953.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1534.

The Guaíra (or Guairá) Falls (Portuguese: Salto das Sete Quedas do Guaíra; Spanish: Saltos del Guairá) were a series of immense waterfalls on the Paraná River along the border between Brazil and Paraguay. They ceased to exist in 1982, when they were completely submerged by the reservoir of the Itaipu dam. There were 19 jumps, 7 of them primary (the stamp shows the fifth). The falls were about 380 m (1,250 ft) wide and about 114 m (375 ft) high.

MADAGASCAR

MADAGASCAR (French Colony).

FIDES (Social and Economic Development Fund).
Irrigation channels for rice cultivation.
Last stamp in a set of 4, issued on 22.10.1956.
Face value: 15 French African CFA francs.
Design and engraving: Claude Hertenberger (1912-2002).
Printing: Recess.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 434.
- Scott No. 295.
- StampWorld No. 483.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 336.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 330.

Rice is a staple food for the inhabitants of Madagascar, which is why it is grown in many places in the north-central part of the country: on terraces in the highlands or on irrigated land in other areas, especially near the coasts. This led to the construction of canals to facilitate irrigation, especially in the east of the island, from the 1950s, during the French colonization.