LATVIA

LATVIA / LATVIJA.

Nature Reserves.
Grīņu Nature Reserve (Grīņu dabas rezervāts)
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 30.04.1998.
Face value: 10 Latvian santims.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 500,000 copies.
Size: 36 x 28.5 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 480.
- Michel No. 477.
- Scott No. 464.
- StampWorld No.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 489.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 441.

Grīņu Nature Reserve (Latvian: Grīņu dabas rezervāts), a natural habitat under protection, is located in Pāvilosta Municipality (Courland region) in the Latvia far west. Its area is 15.05 km² (5.81 sq mi). The reserve was founded in 1936, but during the II World War and in the first years after, the Grīņu forests were practically neglected, and in 1957 these areas were again declared a nature reserve. It was created to protect a very rare for Latvia plant - cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix), as well as it inherent special biotope locally called grīnis. In addition, significant thickets of sweetgale (Myrica gale) have been preserved, an endangered species of shrubs, source of raw materials to make the famous Riga Black Balsam. Other rare plants, in particular several species of orchids, have been found in the flora of the reserve. The Grīņu Reserve is subordinated to the Regional Council for Nature Conservation Courland and it belongs to the European Conservation Network Natura 2000.

PAKISTAN

PAKISTAN / پاكِستان

Highways of Pakistam map.
Stamp issued on 23.09.1974.
Face value: 20 Pakistani paisa.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 500,000 copies.
Size: 49.2 x 30.7 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 373.
- Scott No. 370.
- Siddiqui No. 377.
- StampWorld No. 376.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 376.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 367.

For information on the Pakistani road network, see here.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

ALDERNEY

ALDERNEY.

Definitive stamps.
Hanging Rock and portrait of Queen Elizabeth II.
Second stamp in a set of 12, issued on 14.06.1983.
Face value: 4 Guernsey penny.
Design: Gordon Drummond (1921-2001).
Printed by Courvoisier-Attinger Arts Graphiques S.A., Biel/Bienne (Switzerland).
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 465,887 copies.
Size: 39.7 x 29 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. A2.
- Michel No. 2.
- Scott No. 2.
- StampWorld No. 2.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 2.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 2.

Hanging Rock is a unique geological feature of sandstone 18 m (60 ft) high and 31 m (102 ft) above sea level, located on a cliff near Fort Essex, on the southeastern coast of Alderney Island.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA / ČESKOSLOVENSKO.

20th anniversary of Tatra National Park (now in Slovakia). 
Bielovodská Valley (Bielovodská dolina).
Third stamp in a set of 6, issued on 08.09.1969.
Face value: 60 haléřů of Czechoslovak koruna.
Designed and engraving by Bedřich Housa and Jaroslav Lukavský.
Printing: Recess.
Print: 4,590,000 copies.
Size: 70 x 38 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1735.
- Michel No. 1894.
- POFIS No. 1782.
- Scott No. 1642.
- StampWorld No. 1891.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1845.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1740.

The Bielovodská Valley (Slovak: Bielovodská dolina), on the border between Slovakia and Poland, is the only valley in the Alpine Tatras and the longest of all the Tatras: it is more than 10 km (6.20 mi) and during the Last Glacial Period, there was a glacier 14 km (8.70 mi) long and more than 300 m (984 ft) thick. The water flows through the Biela voda (Polish: Białka) River.

NORWAY

NORWAY / NORGE.

50th Anniversary of the administrative annexation of the Svalbard archipelago.
Templet Mountain.
First stamp in a set of 3, issued on 14.08.1975.
Face value: 1 Norwegian krone.
Design and angraving: Henry Welde (1914-1991).
Printing: Recess.
Print: 4,050,000 copies.
Size: 30 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 723.
- Michel No. 709.
- Norgeskatalogen No. 757.
- Scott No. 660.
- StampWorld No. 725.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 743.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 665.

Templet Mountain is located north of Sassenfjorden, in the Sassen-Bünsow Land National Park. It stands 766 m (2,513 ft) above sea level, and is made up of many horizontal strata of shale, limestone, and silicon-carbon rocks. The characteristic little peak on the western edge of the mountain (visible in the stamp) is called Skiltvakten and protects the entrance to Gipsdalen. The mountain owes its name to its appearance, which from a distance resembles that of a Gothic temple in ruins due to the rocks carved vertically by the waters the thaw.

ITALIAN SOMALILAND

ITALIAN SOMALILAND / SOMALIA ITALIANA.

International Colonial Art Exhibition, Naples.
Jubba River.
Airmail ninth stamp in a set of 12, issued on 09.10.1934.
Face value: 75 cents of Italian lira,
Design: Giuseppe Rondini (1886-1995).
Printing: Photogravure.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 205.
- Scott No. C3.
- StampWorld No. 207.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 195.
- Unificato A3.
- Yvert et Tellier No. PA 3.

Italian Somaliland (Italian: Somalia italiana; Arabic: الصومال الإيطالي‎; Somali: Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th century by the Somali Sultanates of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north, and Hiraab Imamate and Geledi in the south, the territory was acquired in the 1880s by Italy through various treaties. In 1936, the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Somalia Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Somalia then came under British military administration until 1950, when it became a United Nations trusteeship under Italian administration. On July 1, 1960, the Trust Territory of Somaliland united with the former British Somaliland protectorate to form the Somali Republic.

The Jubba or Juba (Somali: Wabiga Jubba; Italian: Giuba) is a river in southern Somalia which flows through the autonomous region of Jubaland. It begins at the border with Ethiopia, where the Dawa and Ganale Dorya rivers meet, and flows directly south to the Indian Ocean, where it empties near Goob Weyn. Its length is 875 km (544 mi). The Jubba basin covers an area of 749,000 km² (289,000 sq mi). Jubba has always been an important route of penetration towards Ethiopia: it was the subject of numerous explorations, in particular by Vittorio Bottego in 1892.

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Thanks to Vairo Gregori for his contribution (https://ternifil.org/).

GEORGIA

GEORGIA / საქართველო

Mount Ushba (უშბა). 
Stamp issued on 01.06.2008 (dated 2007).
Face value: 30 Georgian tetri.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 50,000 copies.
Size: 30 x 38 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 555.
- Scott No. 435.
- StampWorld No. 551.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 525.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 442.

Ushba (Georgian, უშბა; Karachay-Balkar, Ужба) is one of the most notable peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. It is located in the Svaneti region of Georgia, just south of the border with the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian Federation). The north peak reaches 4,710 m (15,450 ft), while the south peak measures 4,690 m (15,387 ft). The north peak was first climbed in 1888 by John Garford Cokklin and Ulrich Almer; the southern summit, in 1903 by a German and Swiss expedition led by B. Rickmer-Rickmers. In Georgian mythology, Ushba was thought to be the home of the hunting goddess Dali.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC / DEUTSCHE DEMOKRATISCHE REPUBLIK.

Protected landscapes.
Feldberg Lakes (Feldberger Seen).
Last stamp in a set of 6, issued on 17.05.1966.
Face value: 50 East Germany pfennig.
Design: Gerhard Wilhelm August Stauf (1924-1996).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 5,000,000 copies.
Size: 46 x 23 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1184.
- Scott No. 836.
- StampWorld No. 926.
- Stanley Gibbons No. E902.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 885.

In the municipality of Feldberger Seenlandschaft, southeast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania german State, there is a group of lakes that are very close to each other, with common drains to both the Havel River and the Uecker River. The lakes are divided into two groups, the upper and the lower, and are connected to each other by a series of short channels or by groundwater.

SPAIN

SPAIN.

National and Natural Parks.
Sanabria Lake Natural Park, and wolf.
Last stamp in a set of 3, issued on 15.09.2010.
Face value: 0.45 euro.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 320,000 copies.
Size: 57.6 x 40.9 mm.

Catalogs
- Edifil No. 4591.
- Michel No. 4532.
- StampWorld No. 4540.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 4546.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 4237.

The Sanabria Lake Natural Park (Parque natural Lago de Sanabria, currently Parque natural Lago de Sanabria y sierras Segundera y de Porto) was established on October 27, 1978. It is located in the northwest of the province of Zamora, Community of Castile and León, and includes the municipalities of Galende, Cobreros, Trefacio and Porto. The area of ​​the park is, since it was expanded in 2015, 323.02 km² (124.72 sq mi), and its altitude varies between 997 m (3,271 ft) on the shores of the lake, up to 2,127 m (6,978 ft) at the peak of Peña Trevinca. On June 9, 2015, UNESCO declared it part of the Iberian Plateau transboundary biosphere reserve. Sanabria is the largest lake of glacial origin in the Iberian Peninsula, with 3.18 km² (1.23 sq mi) and a maximum depth of 53 m (174 ft), and throughout history, until the beginning of the 20th century, it has received different names, such as Lake San Martín de Castañeda or Lake Villachica. The fauna and flora of the park are very rich in species.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC / REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA.

Philatelic exhibition EXFILIMA in Peru.
Simplified map of America with localization of Lima.
Airmail stamp issued on 03.03.1972.
Face value: 10 cents of Dominican peso.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 992.
- Scott No. C192.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1118.
- Yvert et Tellier No. PA 231.

Third Inter-American Philatelic Exhibition, Lima, Peru, 1971.

VENEZUELA

VENEZUELA.

States of Venezuela.
Map and coat of arms of Trujillo State.
Stamp issued on 15.10.1971.
Face value: 0.65 Venezuelan bolívares.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 450,000 copies.
Size: 48 x 33.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1887.
- Scott No. 987.
- StampWorld No. 1906.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 2132.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 831.

Trujillo is one of the twenty-three states that, together with the Capital District and the Federal Dependencies, make up the Republic of Venezuela. It was created in 1899. Its capital is the homonymous Trujillo and its most populated city, Valera. It is located in the west of the country, in the Andes region. It limits to the north with the states of Zulia and Lara, to the east with Portuguesa, to the south with Barinas, to the southwest with Mérida and to the west with Lake Maracaibo. Its area is 7,400 km² (2,779 sq mi) and its population, in 2021, of 893,785 inhabitants. It is mainly mountainous because it is crossed from southwest to northeast by the Andes mountain range, although it also has hills and plains; the highest point of the state is the Teta de Niquitao, 4,006 m (13,143 ft). Among the rivers that cross it, the most important is the Motatán.

SLOVENIA

SLOVENIA / SLOVENIJA.

1000th Anniversary of the Town of Bled.
Lake Bled.
Stamp issued on 24.03.2004.
Face value: 218 Slovenian tolar.
Design: Klemen Rodman.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 80,000 copies.
Size: 28.8 x 40.32 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 467.
- Scott No. 552.
- StampWorld No. 445.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 618.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 429.

Lake Bled (Slovenian: Blejsko jezero) is located in the Julian Alps of the Upper Carniola region of northwestern Slovenia. Its area is 1.45 km² (0.56 sq mi); its length is 2.12 km (6,960 ft) and its maximum width is 1.38 km (4,530 ft). In the middle of the lake is the island of Bled (Blejski otok), visible on the stamp, with the Church of the Assumption of Mary (its tower is 52 m, 171 ft), among other buildings. On the northeast coast is the town of Bled, of about 5,000 inhabitants, mentioned for the first time as Ueldes in the year 1004, the date on which the stamp commemorates 1000 years. Next to it is, at 599 m (1865 ft) high, the medieval Bled Castle (Blejski grad), which houses a museum. The area is 55 km (34 mi) from the city of Ljubljana and is a major tourist destination.

FRANCE

FRANCE.

50th anniversary of the conquest of Annapurna by Louis Lachenal et Maurice Herzog.
Stamp issued on 05.06.2000.
Face value: 3 French francs / 0.46 euro.
Design: Jean-Paule Cousin (b. 1942)
Engraving: André Lavergne (b. 1946).
Printing: Recess.
Print: 9,434,075 copies.
Size: 26 x 40 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 3565.
- Michel No. 3472.
- Scott No. 2775.
- StampWorld No. 3450.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 3668.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 3331.

Annapurna (Sanskrit and Nepali: अन्नपूर्ण) is a massif in the Himalayas in north-central Nepal that includes one peak over 8,000 m (26,247 ft), thirteen peaks over 7,000 m (22,966 ft), and sixteen more over 6,000 m (19,685 ft). The massif is 55 km (34 mi) long, and is bounded by the Kali Gandaki Gorge on the west, the Marshyangdi River on the north and east, and by Pokhara Valley on the south. At the western end, the massif encloses a high basin called the Annapurna Sanctuary. The highest peak of the massif, Annapurna I Main, is the tenth highest mountain in the world at 8,091 m (26,545 ft) above sea level. The entire massif and the surrounding area are protected within the 7,629 km² (2,946 sq mi) Annapurna Conservation Area, the first and largest conservation area in Nepal. Annapurna I Main was the first 8000 to be climbed: mountaineers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, members of a French expedition led by Maurice Herzog, reached the summit on June 3, 1950.

ESTONIA

ESTONIA / EESTI.

Estonian ligthouses.
Lighthouse in Vaindloo Island.
Stamp issued on 25.09.1996.
Face value: 2.50 Estonian kroon.
Design: Roman Matkiewicz (b. Tallinn, 27.02.1966).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 765.000 copies.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 308.
- Michel No. 283.
- Scott No. 309.
- StampWorld No. 315.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 280.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 283.

Vaindloo (Estonian: Vaindloo saar; Swedish: Stenskär) is a small island located in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 0,06 km² (0,023 sq mi) and marks the northernmost point of the nation of Estonia, situated 26 km (16 mi) north of the continental land. It belongs to the community of Vihula, in Lääne-Viru County. The island is notable for its functioning lighthouse (Vaindloo tuletorn), built in 1871 and is managed by the Estonian Maritime Administration. A previous lighthouse constructed of timber was erected on Vaindloo in 1718. In addition to the lighthouse, there is a station of the Estonian Border Guard with a 50-meter-high (160 ft) observation tower and a radar. The island is also is an important breeding sanctuary for some birds.

YUGOSLAVIA (Serbia)

YUGOSLAVIA (Serbia) / ЈУГОСЛАВИЈА (Србија - Srbija).

Airmail definitive stamps.
Danube River at the Iron Gates.
First stamp in a set of 9, issued on 16.06.1951.
Face value: 1 Yugoslav dinar.
Design: Janez Trpin (1908-1973).
Engraving: Kocmut.
Printing: Recess.
Size: 39 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 635.
- Michel No. 644A.
- Scott No. C34.
- StampWorld No. 676.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 675.
- Yvert et Tellier No. PA 32.

The Iron Gates (Serbian: Ђердапска клисура / Đerdapska klisura; Romanian: Porțile de Fier) is a gorge on the river Danube. It forms part of the boundary between Serbia (to the south) and Romania (north). In the broad sense it encompasses a route of 134 km (83 mi); in the narrow sense it only encompasses the last barrier on this route, just beyond the Romanian city of Orșova, that currently contains two hydroelectric dams, with two power stations. At this point in the Danube, the river separates the southern Carpathian Mountains from the northwestern foothills of the Balkan Mountains. The Romanian side of the gorge constitutes the Iron Gates Natural Park (Parcul Natural Porțile de Fier), whereas the Serbian part constitutes the Đerdap National Park (Национални парк Ђердап / Nacionalni park Đerdap). A wider protected area on the Serbian side was declared the UNESCO global geopark in July 2020.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

MOROCCO

MOROCCO / المغرب - ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ

Al Massira Dam.
Stamp issued on 17.12.1981.
Face value: 0.60 Moroccan dirham.
Design: M. Bouaanani.
Printing: Photogravure.
Size: 40 x 28 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 976.
- Scott No. 504.
- StampWorld No. 987.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 590.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 902.

The Al Massira Dam (سد المسيرة) is a gravity dam, of 82 m (269 ft) high and 390 m (1,280 ft) long, located 70 km (43 mi) south of Settat on the Oum Er-RbiaRiver, in Settat Province. Completed in 1979, the dam provides water for the irrigation of over 100,000 hectares of farmland in the Doukkala-Abda region. The dam's hydroelectric power plant, commissioned in 1980, generates 221 gigawatt-hours (800 TJ) on average annually. The 14 km² (5.40 sq mi) reservoir is also considered an area of birdlife interest by the Ramsar Convention.

GRENADINES OF SAINT VINCENT

GRENADINES OF SAINT VINCENT.

Early maps.
Map of Mustique Island (1861).
Fourth stamp in a set of 6, issued on 02.04.1981.
Face value: 60 cents of East Caribbean dollar.
Design: John Cooter.
Printed by Format.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 209.
- StampWorld No. 209.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 192.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Caribbean. It is located in the southeast Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, which lie in the West Indies at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean. Its 369 km² (142 sq mi) territory consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines, a chain of 32 smaller islands. Some of the Grenadines are inhabited:  Bequia, Mustique, Union Island, Canouan, Petit Saint Vincent, Palm Island, Mayreau, Young Island; while others are not: Tobago Cays, Baliceaux, Battowia, Quatre, Petite Mustique, Savan and Petit Nevis.

Mustique is a small private island, owned by the Mustique Company, a private company which is in turn owned by the island's home owners. The island covers 5.7 km² (2.2 sq mi) and has several coral reefs. Its year-round population of about 500 mostly live in the villages of Lovell, Britannia Bay and Dover. The population rises to 1,200 in peak season. The stamp reproduces a map made by James J. Parsons in 1861.

ANDORRA

 
ANDORRA (French post).

Airmail definitive stamps. Landscapes.
Incles Valley.
Last stamp in a set of 10, issued on 17.06.1961.
Face value: 5 French francs.
Design and engraving: Claude Durrens (1921-2002).
Printing: Recess.
Size: 41 x 27 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 177.
- Edifil No. 183.
- Michel No. 177.
- Scott No. C7.
- StampWorld No. 177.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 183.
- Yvert et Tellier No. PA 7.

The Incles Valley (Catalan: Vall d’Incles; French: Vallée d’Inclès) is located in the parish of Canillo, northeast of Andorra, near the border with France, at 2,748 m (9,016 ft) of altitude, in the Pyrenees mountain range. It is crossed by the river Incles, very close to its confluence of the Valira d'Orient. On the right bank is the village of Incles (375 inhabitants in 2017), visible in the stamp.

IRELAND

IRELAND / ÉIRE.

Europa C.E.P.T. 
Lough Tay (Loch Té) Lake.
Second stamps in a set of 2, issued on 27.06.1977.
Face value: 12 Irish penny.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 2,000,000 copies.
Size: 30 x 40 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 367.
- Michel No. 362.
- Scott No. 414.
- StampWorld No. 371.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 407.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 364.

Lough Tay Lake (Irish Gaelic: Loch Tea), of glacial origin, also known as Guinness Lake, is located on a former private property belonging to the Guinness family, in the Wicklow Mountains (County Wicklow), at an altitude of 246 m (807 ft) above sea level, between the peaks of Djouce, 725 m (2,379 ft) and Luggala, 595 m (1,952 ft), and is dominated by the granite cliffs of Luggala. Its area is 0.48 km² (0.19 sq mi) and its maximum depth is 35 m (115 ft). It receives the waters of the Cloghoge River, which also drains it.

FINLAND

FINLAND / SUOMI.

Ristikallio Gorge in Kuusamo.
Stamp issued on 26.04.1974.
Face value: 5 Finnish markka.
Design: Olavi Vepsäläinen (1927-1993).
Engraving: Birger Ekholm.
Printing: Recess.
Print: 5,000,000 copies.
Size: 34 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 591.
- LePe Finland No. 586.
- Michel No. 588.
- StampWorld No. 713.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 549.

Ristikallio Gorge is located at the entrance to the Oulanka National Park, in the municipality of Kuusamo (Northern Ostrobothnia region). It was formed by the erosion of the Aventojoki river.

ITALIAN EAST AFRICA

ITALIAN EAST AFRICA / AFRICA ORIENTALE ITALIANA
(now Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia).

First Triennial Overseas Exhibition, Naples.
Shebelle River.
Fouth stamp in a set of 7, issued on 11.05.1940.
Face value: 50 cents of Italian lire.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 50,000 copies.
Size: 40 x 24 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 47.
- Sassone No. 30.
- Scott No. 30.
- StampWorld No. 47.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 47.
- Unificato No. 30.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 32.

Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 through the merger of Italian Somalia, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire, conquered in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The colony was divided into six governorates. During the Second World War, Italian East Africa was occupied by a British-led force including colonial units and Ethiopian guerrillas in November 1941. After the war, Italian Somalia and Eritrea came under British administration, while Ethiopia regained its independence.

The Shebelle River (Somali: Webi Shabeelle, Arabic: نهر شبيلي, Amharic: እደላ, Italian: Uebi Scebeli), about 2,050 km (1,275 mi) long, 1,150 in Ethiopia and 900 in Somalia, begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest because of the coastal dunes, and it follows the coast. South, the river becomes seasonal; during most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the Indian Ocean.

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Thanks to Vairo Gregori for his contribution (https://ternifil.org/).

BRAZIL

BRAZIL / BRASIL.

Jump of the 7 Falls of Guaíra (5ª queda de Guaíra).
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 29.04.1982.
Face value: 17 cruzeiros.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1895.
- Scott No. 1795.
- StampWorld No. 1912.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1952.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1533.

The Guaíra (or Guairá) Falls (Portuguese: Salto das Sete Quedas do Guaíra; Spanish: Saltos del Guairá) were a series of immense waterfalls on the Paraná River along the border between Brazil and Paraguay. They ceased to exist in 1982, when they were completely submerged by the reservoir of the Itaipu dam. There were 19 jumps, 7 of them primary (the stamp shows the fifth). The falls were about 380 m (1,250 ft) wide and about 114 m (375 ft) high.

NEPAL

NEPAL / नेपाल

Tourism.
Ganesh Himāl Range.
First stamp in a set of 3, issued on 16.12.1975.
Face value: 2 Nepalese paisa.
Design: K. Karmacharya.
Printed by Pakistan Security Pinting, Karachi.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 5,000,000 copies.
Size: 35 x 25.5 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 323.
- Scott No. 308.
- StampWorld No. 319.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 325.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 298.

Ganesh Himāl (Nepali: गणेश हिमाल) is a Himalayan massif located mostly in north-central Nepal, but some peaks lie on the border with Tibet. It is located about 70 km (43.5 mi) northeast of Kathmandu. The highest peak is Yangra (Ganesh I), 7,422 m (24,350 ft). There are three other peaks over 7000 m and another fourteen over 6000 m. The first ascent of Ganesh was made on October 6, 1955 by the Swiss climbers Raymond Lambert, Pierre Vittoz and Eric Gauchar, and by the French Claude Kogan.

CHILE

CHILE.

Tourism promotion.
Laguna del Inca.
Stamp issued in 03.1962.
Face value: 20 cents of Chilean escudo.
Printed by Casa de Moneda de Chile, Santiago.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 5,000,000 copies.
Size: 29 x 25 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 602.
- Scott No. 329.
- StampWorld No. 590.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 495.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 293.

Laguna del Inca is a lake in the Andes mountains, in Valparaíso Region, close to the border with Argentina. It is located at 2,849 m (9,347 ft) above sea level, its area is 1.43 km2 (0.55 sq mi), it is oval in shape, its length is just under 4 km (2.40 mi) and its maximum width is 800 m (2,625 ft). The stream that drains the lake is a tributary of the Juncalillo River, which flows into the Juncal River. Portillo ski resort is located at the southern end of the lake.

COSTA RICA

COSTA RICA.

Centennial of the annexation of Nicoya, Guanacaste.
Map of Guanacaste Province.
First stamp in a set of 7, issued on 16.07.1924.
Face value: 1 cent. of Costa Rican colón.
Printing: Lithography.
Printed by American Bank Note Co., New York.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 120.
- Scott No. 129.
- StampWorld No. 128.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 149.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 126.

Nicoya is currently a canton in the province of Guanacaste (northwest of Costa Rica, next to the border with Nicaragua), populated by about 25,000 people. On July 25, 1824, after 185 years of autonomy, the Nicoya district, made up of Nicoya, Santa Cruz and the town of Guanacaste (now Liberia), decided to annex the State of Costa Rica, which had proclaimed its independence in September. from 1821.

SLOVAKIA

SLOVAKIA / SLOVENSKO.

Splendors of Homeland issues.
Súl'ov Rocks.
First stamp in a set of 2, issued on 18,09.2015.
Face value: 0.80 euro.
Design: Karol Felix (b. Košice, 1961).
Engraving: Martin Činovský (b. Levoča, 1953).
Printing: Photogravure and recess.
Print: 1,000,000 copies.
Size: 44 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 737,
- Michel No. 769.
- POFIS No. 593.
- Scott No. 721.
- StampWorld No. 762.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 718.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 672.

The Súľov Rocks (Slovak: Súľovské skaly) is a 5.43 km² (2.10 sq mi) national nature reserve declared in 1973, located within the Súľov Mountains region (Western Carpathians), in the Bytča district, Žilina region. They are characterized by a rugged relief and take the form of towers, cones, needles, doors, and some rocks resemble figures or animals. The highest peak is Žibrid, at 867 m (2,845 ft).

NEW ZEALAND

NEW ZEALAND / AOTEAROA.

Paintings by Rita Angus.
Wanaka Landscape.
Third stamp in a set of 4, issued on 06.04.1983.
Face value: 35 cents of New Zealand dollar.
Printing: Offset lithograpy.
Size: 30 x 34 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 872.
- Scott No. 782.
- StampWorld No. 891.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1314.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 842.

The Wanaka area (Maori: Wānaka) in the in Otago region, on South Island of New Zealand, was known until 1940 as Pembroke. The Lake Wānake stands out in the area, to the south of which is the Clutha / Mata-Au River, which is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park, and the Crown Range mountains, belonging to the Southern Alps, in the which highlights Mount Cardrona, 1,936 m (6,352 ft). It is an area highly appreciated by skiers, who are concentrated in the resort town of Wanaka, at the southern end of the lake.

JAPAN

JAPAN / 日本.

National Parks.
Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park (上信越高原国立公園). Mount Asama.
First stamp of 2, issued in minisheet on 25.06.1954.
Face value: 5 Japanese yen.
Printing: Photogravure.
Size: 42 x 26 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 632A.
- Sakura No. P79.
- Scott No. 600.
- StampWorld No. 621.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 727.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 555,

Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park (上 信 越高 原 国立 公園) is located in the Chūbu region, of the island of Honshū. It is formed around several active and inactive volcanoes. It is divided into two separate areas: the area of southern Niigata and northern Nagano and the area of eastern Nagano. It was established on September 7, 1949 and was significantly expanded in 1956 to include the mountainous region of Myōkō-Togakushi. Its area is 1,482 km² (572.18 sq mi). The southwestern area of the Mikuni Mountains (三国 山脈 南 西部) includes Mount Tanigawa, 1,963 m (6,440 ft) and two active volcanoes: Mount Kusatsu-Shirane, 2,162 m (7,093 ft) and Mount Asama, 2,542 m (8,340 ft). Mount Asama is the most active volcano in Honshū.

ITALY

ITALY / ITALIA.

100th Anniversary of Italian Geographical Society.
Stamp issued on 20.03.1967.
Face value: 40 Italian lire.
Design: Luigi Gasbarra.
Printed by Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Officina Carte-Valori, Roma.
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 20,000,000 copies.
Size: 40 x 30 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 1220.
- Sassone No. 1034.
- Scott No. 947.
- StampWorld No. 1196.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1171.
- Unificato No. 1034.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 960.

The Italian Geographical Society (Società geografica italiana) was founded in Florence on May 12, 1867 with the aim of promoting the progress of geographical knowledge, scientific research and the organization of activities and study tours. It is currently based in Rome. The management of the Society corresponds to a board made up of twelve elected members, two vice-presidents and the president, to which are added other members appointed by institutions and public administrations. Its Library, of some 400,000 volumes and 2,000 periodicals, plus some 50,000 modern maps, is one of the most important in the world in its specialty. It also has an ancient collection of maps and atlases published between the 15th and 19th centuries, and an eastern collection containing Chinese and Japanese geographical representations made between the 17th and 19th centuries. To all this we must add a file of around 150,000 photographic images.

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Thanks to Fadda Giuseppe for his contribution.

TANGIER (Spanish P. O.)

TANGIER (Spanish Post Office).

Definitive stamps.
Map of the city.
Seventh stamp in a set of 14, issued on 16.02.1948.
Face value: 30 cents of Spanish peseta.
Printed by Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre, Madrid.
Printing: Recess.
Print: 200,000 copies.

Catalogs
- Edifil No. 157.
- Michel No. 132.
- Scott No. L18 (Morocco).
- StampWorld No. 166.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 132.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 371 (Morocco).

Between 1923 and 1956, by virtue of a Protocol signed by France, Spain and Great Britain, the city of Tangier (Arabic: طنجة; Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ) and its interland were, formally, an International Zone, with three postal administrations, and it remained that way until the independence of the Kingdom of Morocco (1956), although the new State did not regain sovereignty of the city until April 11, 1960. During the Second World War (1940-1945) that status was suspended, and the territory was exclusively under the sovereignty of Spain, which integrated it into its Moroccan protectorate. Tangier was characterized by the international diplomatic representations in Morocco being established there since the end of the 19th century. International administration officially began on June 1, 1925, and in subsequent years Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy joined the city government, although until 1940 France imposed its administrative dominance.

VATICAN CITY

VATICAN CITY / CIVITATIS VATICANÆ - CITTÀ DEL VATICANO.

Holy places in Palestine,
Mount Tabor.
Last stamp in a set of 5. issued on 25.05.1999.
Face value: 1,300 Italian lire.
Printed by Courvoisier-Attinger Arts Graphiques S.A., Biel/Bienne (Switzerland).
Printing: Photogravure.
Print: 450,000 copies.
Size: 40 x 28 mm.

Catalogs
- Bolaffi No. 1146.
- Michel No. 1288.
- Sassone No. 1160.
- Scott No. 1111.
- StampWorld No. 1287.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1229.
- Unificato No. 1165.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1146.

Mount Tabor (Hebrew: הר תבור) is located in Lower Galilee, east of the Jezreel Valley, 17 km (11 mi) west of the Sea of Galilee, in Israel. Its height is 575 m (1,886 ft). Its Arabic name is Jebel a'tur (جبل طابور), and it is also known as Itabyrium and the Mount of Transfiguration. It is believed to be the site of the Transfiguration of Jesus. An unidentified 19th century painting is reproduced on the stamp.

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Thanks to Vairo Gregori for his contribution (https://ternifil.org/).

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (Croatian Administration)

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA / BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA 
(Croatian Administration).

International Year of Mountains.
Vran Mountain.
Stamp issued on 11.03.2002.
Face value: 0.40 Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark.
Design: Studio eRDe.
Printed by Grafotisak.
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 40,000 copies.
Size: 35.5 x 25.5 mm.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 86.
- Scott No. 80.
- StampWorld No. 86.
- Stanley Gibbons No. C87.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 65.

The Vran Mountain (Vran planina), in the municipality of Tomislavgrad (Herzegovina-Neretva Canton), Bosnia and Herzegovina, is part of the Dinaric Alps. It has three peaks: Veliki Vran (‘Great Vran’) 2,074 m (6,804 ft); Mali Vran (‘Little Vran’), 2,017 m (6,617 ft) and Bijela Glava (‘White Head’), 1,990 m (6,529 ft). In the stamp you can see, in the foreground, Blidinje Lake. The name of the mountain (vran means 'raven') is due to its dark appearance.

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Thanks to Dragan Buškulić for his contribution (https://worldofstamp2.wordpress.com/).

SWEDEN

SWEDEN / SVERIGE.

Old maps.
Carta Marina, by Olaus Magnus (1572).
First stamp in a set of 6, issued in minisheet on 30.01.1991.
Face value: 5 Swedish krona.
Design: M. K.
Engraving by Czesław Słania (1921-2005).
Printing: Offset lithography and recess.
Print: 1,500,000 copies.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 1589.
- Facit No. 1672.
- Michel No. 1655.
- Scott No. 1861.
- StampWorld No. 1657.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 1557.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1637.

Olaus Magnus (Olof Månsson), born in Östergötland in October 1490 and died in Rome on August 1, 1557, was a Swedish writer, cartographer and ecclesiastic, a pioneer in historical and anthropological work on northern Europe. His fundamental work was the Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (A Description of the Northern Peoples), in 22 books, published in Rome in 1555; it deals with the geography, customs, traditions and legends of the Scandinavian peoples and of Nordic Europe. His Carta marina (Marine Chart) is the oldest and most correct map of Scandinavia. Its dimensions are 1.70 x 1.25 m (5.58 x 4.10 ft). It took him twelve years to make it, and it was first printed in Venice in 1539 (a 1572 reprint is reproduced on the stamp).

GERMANY

GERMANY / DEUTSCHLAND.

Tourism. Landscapes.
Moorland in Northern Germany.
Last stamp in a set of 3, issued on 28.08.1997.
Face value: 110 German pfennig.
Design: Heinz Schillinger (1929-2008).
Printing: Offset lithography.
Print: 67,500,000 copies.
Size: 55 x 33 mm.

Catalogs
- AFA No. 2884.
- Michel No. 1945.
- Scott No. 1976.
- StampWorld No. 1821.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 2807.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 1777.

The moorlands and the bogs can form when nutrient-rich water collects in depressions. Bogs are characterized by the fact that they not only receive rainwater, but are also located in the area of groundwater. They are often formed from sedimented lakes and ponds. Due to the abundance of nutrients, they offer favorable conditions for an species-rich plant and animal population. Reeds, cattails, alder forests, or willow and sea buckthorn shrubs can often be found in this terreins.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC / REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA.

Definitive airmail stamps.
Map of the Hispaniola Island.
Airmail. Third stamp in a set of 8, issued on 24.01.1930.
Face value: 20 cents of Dominican peso.
Printing: Lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 234.
- Scott No. C8.
- StampWorld No. 242.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 282.
- Yvert et Tellier No. PA 7.

This is the first set of airmail stamps issued by the Dominican Republic.

TRISTAN DA CUNHA

TRISTAN DA CUNHA.

Ancient map of A. Dalrymple (1781).
Second stamp in a set of 3, issued on 22.05.1981.
Face value: 14 Saint Helena pence.
Printing: Offset lithography.

Catalogs
- Michel No. 301.
- Scott No. 291.
- StampWorld No. 300.
- Stanley Gibbons No. 305.
- Yvert et Tellier No. 289.

Tristan da Cunha is a group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying approximately 2,787 km (1,732 mi) off the coast of South Africa, 2,437 km (1,514 mi) from Saint Helena and 4,002 km (2,487 mi) off the coast of the Falkland Islands. Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory. It consists of the Tristan da Cunha Island, with a diameter of roughly 11 km (6.8 mi) and an area of 98 km2 (38 sq mi); the wildlife reserves of Gough Island and Inaccessible Island; and the smaller Nightingale Islands. In October 2018 the main island haved 250 permanent inhabitants. The other islands are uninhabited, except for the South African personnel of a weather station on Gough Island. The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha. On August 14, 1816, the United Kingdom annexed the islands, making them a dependency of the Cape Colony in South Africa.

The first full survey of the archipelago was made by crew of the French corvette Heure du Berger in September 1767: the stamp shows its route around the island of Tristan da Cunha, on a map drawn on March 17, 1781 by the British geographer Alexander Dalrymple, one of the first explorers of the place.